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Người gửi: Lê Thị Minh Hiền
Ngày gửi: 10h:44' 26-03-2024
Dung lượng: 7.7 MB
Số lượt tải: 48
Người gửi: Lê Thị Minh Hiền
Ngày gửi: 10h:44' 26-03-2024
Dung lượng: 7.7 MB
Số lượt tải: 48
Số lượt thích:
0 người
MINH PHU HIGH SCHOOL
*************************************
WEEK 1
ĐỀ SỐ 1
ACADEMIC YEAR
ÔN HỌC SINH GIỎI 11A
MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 120 phút
SECTION A: vocabulary
I. Select the best option (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank.
1.
Her hands were swollen and wrinkled, but she still had her nails _________ regularly.
A. manufactured
B. managed
C. maintained
D. manicured
2.
The girl's large, heavy earrings had ________ had her earlobes permanently.
A. displaced
B. disfigured
C. dismayed
D. diseased
3.
More and more people are having satellite dishes _________ on their roof.
A. introduced
B. implanted
C. installed
D. inserted
4.
Cut flowers may _________ lack of water.
A. wilt
B. collapse
C. drop
D. fail
5.
The ____________ cheered when the final goal was scored in the match today.
A. viewers
B. onlookers
C. spectators
D. audience
6.
Most people ___________ family heirlooms and keep them safe.
A. cosset
B. cherish
C. nourish
D. nurture
7.
The barriers suddenly collapsed and the crowd of supporters ________ forward on to the
pitch.
A. swirled
B. gushed
C. surged
D. trickled
8.
After several ferocious punches both boxers were ________ unsteadily on their feet.
A. bouncing
B. swaying
C. swinging
D. lunging
9.
A burst tire caused the car ________ off the road and into the river.
A. swerve
B. fire
C. curve
D. skate
10.
She didn't ___________ the idea of having to go to the party on her own.
A. relish
B. agree
C. savor
D. delight
11.
Many athletes have reached their ____________ when they are twenty.
A. summit
D. top
C. peak
D. point
12.
She tells her small boy every day not to be rude, but it's like water off a duck's _________
A. beak
B. back
c. wings
D. feathers
13.
The unmarried ladies regard him as a very __________ young man.
A. eligible
B. ineligible
C. illicit
D. illegible
14.
Mr. Hung _______ to work harder in the future.
A. agreed
B. accorded
C. accepted
D. excepted
15.
Oliver Twist had already had his fair __________ of food.
A. help
B. ratio
C. ration
D. division
16.
My late grandmother __________ me this silver teapot.
A. bequested
B. willed
C. inherited
D. bequeathed
17.
Some great men have had an __________ school record.
A. undistinguished B. indistinguishable
C. extinguished
D. indistinct
18.
Buyers and sellers were __________ over the prices
A. haggling
B. hacking
C. hugging
D. heckling
19.
Within a few weeks all this present trouble will have blown _____________.
A. along
B. out
C. away
D. over
20.
In his student days he was as poor as a church _____________
A. pauper
B. miser
C. mouse
D. begger
II. Use the right form of the word given in parentheses to fill in the blank in each sentences
HARD TO BELIEVE!
Albert and Betty Cheetham hit the headlines recently thanks to an astonishing list of
coincidences. On holiday in Tunisia, the (1. retire) ________________ couple found themselves (2.
Dinner) ________________ opposite another retired couple – Albert and Betty Rivers. And, also (3.
Coincidence), ________________ Mr. Cheetham and Mr. Rivers had both previously worked for a
railway company, while Mrs. Cheetham and Mrs. Rivers had both worked for the post office. The two
couples also made the (4. Discover) ________________ that they both two sons and five grandchildren
and, to their (5. Amazing) ________________, that the date and the time of their (6. Marry) _______ was
exactly the same i.e 2p.m. August 15th, 1942.
A more sustained coincidence is that seven of the eight US presidents who died in office were
elected at exactly 20 years intervals between 1840 and 1960. It was eventually Ronald Reagan,
beginning his (7. President) ________________ in 1980, 20 years after John F. Kennedy, who broke the
cycle after surviving an (8. Assassinate) ________________ attempt and finishing his last term (9. Live)
________________
OUT FOR THE COUNT
“You are what you think you are”, says self-hypnotist Jonathan Atkinson. So there are 20 of
us lying on our backs trying to communicate with our (10. Conscious) ________________ minds. We
start by describing our problems. I've got the usual (11. Complain) _______________: tiredness,
insomnia, (12. Anxious) ______________.
Six years ago, Jonathan was a typical 40 cigarettes-a-day executive under too much (13.
Stressful) ________________. Then he learnt self-hypnosis. What is particularly (14. impress)
________________ is that he can stop the bleeding when he cuts himself shaving, and his teeth filled
without needing an (15. Inject) ________________
Gradually what started off as weird becomes (16. Understand) ________________. Why in
hypnosis, Jonathan tells us that whenever we count to ten, with the (17. Intend) ________________ of
going into self-hypnosis, we'll be able to do it. (18. Amazing) ________________ , it seems to work.
Retired
2. dinning
3. coincidentally
4. discovery
5. amazement
6. marriages
7. Presidency
8. assassination
9. alive
10.
subconscious
11. complaints
12. Anxiety
13. Stress
14. impressive
15.
Injection
16. understandable 17. Intension
18. amazingly
SECTION B:
READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the passage and choose the best word or combination of words to fill in each blank.
SAVE MONEY ON THE BOOK THAT AIMS TO SAVE ANIMALS
Do you want to take part in the battle to save the world's wildlife? Animal Watch is the book which
will (1) ______ you in the fight for survival that (2) ______ many of our endangered animals and show
how they struggle on the (3) ______ of extinction. As you enjoy the book's 250 pages and over 150
colour photographs, you will have the (4) ______ of knowing that part of your purchase money is
being used to (5) ______ animals (6) ______. From the comfort of our armchair, you will be able to
observe the world's animals close-up and explore their habitats. You will also discover the terrible
results of human (7) ______ for land, flesh and skins.
Animal Watch is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their
black noses (8) ______ their paws so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen, for
example? Or that (9) ______ each orang-utan which is captured, one has to die?
This superb (10) ______ has so (11) ______ Britain's leading wildlife charity that it has been
chosen as Book of the Year, a (12) ______ awarded to books which are considered to have made a
major contribution to wildlife conservation. You will find Animal Watch at a special low introductory
price at all good bookshops, but hurry while stock last.
1.
A. combine
B. bring
C. lead
D. involve
2.
A. faces
B. meets
C. opposes
D. forces
3.
A. start
B. limit
C. edge
D. end
4.
A. enjoyment
B. satisfaction
C. virtue
D. value
5.
A. help
B. enable
C. allow
D. assist
6.
A. preserve
B. conserve
C. survive
D. revive
7.
A. interest
B. care
C. greed
D. concern
8.
A. with
B. by
C. for
D. from
9.
A. with
B. on
C. by
D. for
10 A. publication
B. periodical
C. publicity
D. reference
.
11 A. imposed
B. persuaded
C. impressed
D. admired
.
12 A. title
B. symbol
C. trademark
D. nickname
.
II. Read the passage and choose the best option.
In 776 B.C, the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek's chief
god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle
caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were opened to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greek emphasized
physical fitness and strength in their education youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, javelin,
throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed
every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on
their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of
friendship and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to
strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities presented.
The Greek attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles
called “Olympiads”, dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and
constituted an all-out effort on the part of participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules
were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves but also to
the cities they represented.
1: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Physical fitness was an integral part of the life of ancient Greeks.
B. The Greeks severely punished those who didn't participate in physical fitness programs.
C. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the Games.
D. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when
the games were over.
2: Why was the Olympic Games held?
A. To honor Zeus
B. To stop wars
C. To crown the best athletes
D. To sing songs about the athletes
3: The word “elite” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. brave
B. muscular
C. aristocracy
D. intellectual
4: What is an “Olympiad”?
A. The time between games
B. The time it took to finish the games
C. The time it took to finish a war
D. The time it took the athletes to train
5: Which of the following is not true?
A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads
B. The games were held in Greek every four year.
C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
D. Poems glorified the winners in song.
6: Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
A. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
B. They must have completed military service
C. They had to attend special training session
D. They had to be very religious
7: The word “deeds” is closest meaning to ________________
A. accomplishments
B. ancestors
C. documents
D. properties
8: The word “halted” means mostly nearly the same as?
A. stopped
B. continued
C. started
9: What activity is NOT included in the Olympics?
A. boxing
B. jogging
C. jumping
10: What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
A. They did not like women athletes
B. They were very simple
C. They couldn't count so they used “Olympiads” for dates.
D. They believed athletic events were important.s
D. fixed
D. chariot-racing
SECTION C:
WRITING
I. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1.
It is said that he escaped to a neutral country.
He ______________________________________________________________________.
Although Huong was severely disabled she participated in many sports.
Despite her _______________________________________________________________.
3.
The truth only came out on the publication of the general's personal diaries.
Only when ________________________________________________________________.
4.
If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home.
Get _____________________________________________________________________.
5.
You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
No matter ________________________________________________________________.
6.
We'd prefer you not to smoke.
We'd rather _______________________________________________________________.
7.
Provided your handwriting is legible the examiner will accept your answer.
So long as the examiner ____________________________________________________.
8.
You really should be able to dress yourself by now!
It's high time ______________________________________________________________.
9.
In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.
Although rain ______________________________________________________________.
10.
Oil was slowly coating the edge of the shore.
The edge of the shore _______________________________________________________.
1. He is said to have escaped to a neutral country.
2. Despite her severe disability Huong participated in many sports.
3. Only when the general's personal diaries were published did the truth come out.
4. Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home.
5. No matter how long you use it, it won't wear out.
6. We'd rather you didn't smoke/ stopped smoking.
7. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting he'll accept your answer.
8. It's high time you were able to dress yourself.
9. Although rain was forecast it stayed fine.
II. For each of the sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence, using the word given in CAPITALS. This word must not be altered in any way.
1.
I find it easy to speak German
EASE
_________________________________________________________________________________
2.
He got over his operation very quickly.
RECOVERY
_________________________________________________________________________________
3.
How has the strike affected student attendance?
EFFECT
_________________________________________________________________________________
4.
She began to suffer from irrational fears.
PREY
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Mr. Son was the only man who didn't smile.
EXCEPT
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.
I assume you're hungry
GRANTED
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.
The book was not as good as he had hoped
EXPECTATIONS
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.
You would benefit from a change
GOOD
_________________________________________________________________________________
9.
He works when it suits him.
FEELS
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.
I don't care whether you come or not.
DIFFERENCE
_________________________________________________________________________________
I speak German with great ease.
He made a very quick recovery from his operation.
2.
What effect has the strike had on student attendance?
She fell prey to irrational fears.
All the men smiled except Mr. Son.
I take it for granted you're hungry.
The book fails to come up to his expectations.
A change would do you good.
He works when he feels like it.
It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
III. Write a composition of about 150 words about the following topic: It has been said, “Not
everything that is learned is contained in books” and contrast knowledge gained from
experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which resource is more important?
Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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The End
ĐỀ SỐ 2
MINH PHU HIGH SCHOOL
ÔN HỌC SINH GIỎI 11A
*************************************
WEEK 2
MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 120 phút
SECTION A: vocabulary
I. Select the best option (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank.
1.
The meeting didn't ______________ until late.
A. end up
B. come about
C. fall through
2.
In the end it all ______________ a question of trust.
A. gets round to
B. adds up to
C. feels up to
3.
The hotel didn't _____________ my expectations.
A. come up to
B. get up to
C. come down
to
4.
At first Tin insisted he was right, but then began to ___________.
A. back down
B. follow up
C. drop off
5.
It's no good pretending; you've got to _________________ reality.
C.
come
up
A. face up to
B. bargain for
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
was __
against
ACADEMIC YEAR
D. break up
D. comes down to
D. get down to
D. break up
D. get down to
What were you two _____________ just now in the garden?
A. bringing about
B. getting up to
C. coming up D. getting round to
with
You should always have an alternative plan to ____________
A. bring about
B. ask after
C. feel up to
D. fall back on
When they ____________, I had to report to the nearest barrack.
A. called me up
B. asked after me
C. asked me
D. called up me
after
The school exam for eleven-year-olds was _____________ some years ago.
A. followed up
B. drawn up
C. carried out
D. done away with
When I took over the business I got more than I _____________A. asked after
B. bargained for
C. drew up
D. came in for
It's hard work – not much money, no time to enjoy yourself. It's a _______ life.
A. buffalo's
B. cow's
C. dog's
D. horse's
This machine is complicated and dangerous so I don't ____________ about with it.
A. cat
B. monkey
C. dog
D. snake
Tourists often go to the Louvre but most Parisians only go ____________
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
The firm is ____________. It owns a lot of money.
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
I had lost touch with Hoa, and then one night she arrived at my flat right____. What a
surprise!
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
The rest of the family was respectable, honest people but he was always in trouble. I'm afraid he
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
She likes literature and classical music. Discotheques are not her ___________
A. cup of tea
B. cup of coffee
C. cup of iced
D. cup of beer
tea
18.
He never panics in a difficult situation. He stays as cool as a ___________
A. tomato
B. apple
C. potato
D. cucumber
19.
The offer of a job sounded a very good on the phone but I shan't believe it till I have it
________
A. in a blue moon
B. in the red
C. out of the D. in black and white
blue
20.
“Sorry I can't invite you, Mai,” said Hung, “but It's a __________
A. girl's party
D. children's party
C. big party
D. stag party
17.
II. Put the verbs into the correct forms
My parents and I came to live in the United States when I was five years old. Although my family is
now very comfortable, at first we had hard time adjusting to life there. We (1) _______________ (think)
that everybody in the United States was very rich. Imagine our surprise when we (2) _______________
(learn) that it was hard for many people, my father (3) _______________ (include), to make a living.
My father (4) _______________ (work) as a dentist in Europe before we (5) _______________ (come) here
twenty years ago. Here he couldn't work as a dentist right away because he (6) _______________ (not
pass) the state examination yet. While he (7) _______________ (study) for the dentist examinations,
he worked in a dental laboratory in order (8) _______________ (support) his family.
Within a year, he (9) _______________ (pass) the examinations and (10) _______________ (establish)
himself in practice with a local dentist. He (11) _______________ (practice) here for twenty years now
and (12) _______________ (gain) some recognition. On the fifteenth of next month, his colleagues (13)
_______________ (have) a dinner to honour him for his work with poor immigrants.
My mother, too, (14) _______________ (be) happy here. She (15) _______________ (get) a degree in
finance five years ago and now (16) _______________ (own) and (17) _______________ (operate) her
own profitable copy center. She (18) _______________ (take) course for a long time before she
actually (19) _______________ (get) her degree. She took only one or two courses a semester because
she was busy (20) _______________ (look) after my father, my brother and me.
Key: 1. Had thought
2. Learnt
3. Included
4. Had been working
5. Came
6. Hadn't passed
7. Was studying
8. To support
9. had passed
10. Had established 11. Has been practicing
12. Has gained
13. are having
14. Has been
15. Got
16.
Owns
17. operates
18. Had been taking
19. Got
20. looking
SECTION B:
READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the passage and choose the best word or combination of words to fill in each blank.
In addition to the challenge to be excellent, American schools have been facing novel problems.
They must (1) __ with an influx of immigrant children, many of whom speak little or no English. They
must respond to demands (2) __ the curriculum reflects the various cultures of all children. Schools
must make sure that students develop (3) __ skills for the job market, and they must consider the
needs of nontraditional students, such as teenage mothers.
Schools are (4) __ these problems in ways that reflect the diversity of the US educational system.
They are hiring or training large numbers of teachers of English (5) __ a second language and, in
some communities, setting up bilingual schools. They are opening (6) __ the traditional Europeancentered curriculum to embrace material from African, Asian, and other cultures.
Schools are also teaching cognitive skills to the (7) __ 40 percent of American students who do not
go on to higher education. In the (8) __ of a recent report by the Commission on Achieving
Necessary Skills,” A strong back, the willingness to work, and a high school diploma were once all
that was necessary to (9) __ a start in America. They are no longer. A well-developed mind, a
continued willingness to learn and the ability to put knowledge to work are the new keys (10) __ the
future of our young people, the success of our business, and the economic well-being of the nation.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
do
that
base
addressing
as
on
slightly
minds
make
to
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
stay
who
basis
delivering
from
into
mostly
directions
take
at
II. Read the passage and choose the best option.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
fight
whether
basic
distributing
with
for
fairly
words
get
in
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
cope
what
basics
discharging
like
up
nearly
ways
bring
for
May 7, 1840, was the birthday of one of the most famous Russian composers of the nineteenth century:
Peter Illich Tchaikovsky. The son of a mining inspector, Tchaikovsky studied music as a child and later
studied composition at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. His greatest period of productivity occurred
between 1876 and 1890, during which time he enjoyed the patronage of Madame von Meck, a woman
he never met, who gave him a living stipend of about $1,000 a year. Madame von Meck later
terminated her friendship with Tchaikovsky, as well as his living allowance, when she herself was facing
financial difficulties. It was during the time of Madame von Meck's patronage, however, that Tchaikovsky
created the music for which he is most famous, including the music for the ballets of Swam Lake and
The Sleeping Beauty. Tchaikovsky's music, well known for its rich melodic and sometimes melancholy
passages, was one of the first that brought serious dramatic music to dance. Before this, little attention
had been given to the music behind the dance. Tchaikovsky died on November 6, 1893, ostensibly of
cholera, although there are now some scholars who argue that he committed suicide.
1: What is the passage primarily about?
A. Tchaikovsky's relationship with his father.
B. The cause of Tchaikovsky'
C. The life and music of Tchaikovsky.
D. The development of Tchaikovsky's music
2: The phrase enjoyed the patronage of probably means ________________
A. was mentally attached to
B. was financially dependent on
C. liked the company of
D. received advice from
3: According to the passage, Tchaikovsky's father was most probably a __________________
A. soldier
B. composer
C. musician
D. supervisor
4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Tchaikovsky's school
B. Tchaikovsky's death
C. Tchaikovsky's wife
D. Tchaikovsky's music
5: According to the passage, all of the following are true about Madame von Meck EXCEPT________?
A. she liked Tchaikovsky's music.
B. she had trouble with money.
C. she was a generous woman.
D. she never saw Tchaikovsky in person.
6: The word which in the passage refers to ________________________
A. Madame von Meck's patronage
B. Tchaikovsky's music
C. the ballet Swam Lake
D. Tchaikovsky's living allowance
7: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word behind in the passage?
A. supporting
B. concealing
C. putting up
D. going beyond
8: The word terminated in the passage is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. started
B. ended
C. continued
D. strengthened
9: According to the passage, Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty are ___________
A. songs
B. plays
C. operas
D. dances
10: It can be inferred from the passage that before Tchaikovsky, _______________
A. music behind the dance had been very popular
B. music for dramas had been given very little attention
C. music had been famous for its melodic passages
D. Swan Lake had been performed with music
SECTION C:
WRITING
I. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1.
A rather nasty problem has appeared.
We've come _______________________________________________________________.
2.
I'm doing more work than I bargained for.
I didn't expect _____________________________________________________________.
3.
The sooner this job is over, the better.
Let's _____________________________________________________________________.
4.
Nga doesn't get on with her next-door neighbor any more.
Nga has __________________________________________________________________.
5.
I burst into tears when I heard the bad news.
I broke ___________________________________________________________________.
6.
Nguyen persuaded the others to agree with her point of view.
Nguyen brought ___________________________________________________________.
I'll do the ironing in the end.
I'll get ___________________________________________________________________.
8.
The arrangements for our holiday didn't come to anything
Our holiday _______________________________________________________________.
9.
The best solution was thought of by Ngo Tu.
Ngo Tu came _____________________________________________________________.
10.
It's getting on for lunch time.
Soon ____________________________________________________________________.
1. We've come up against a rather nasty problem.
2. I didn't expect to be doing so much work.
3. Let's get this job over with as soon as possible.
4. Nga has fallen out with her next-door neighbor.
5. I broke down when I heard the bad news.
6. Nguyen brought the others round to her point of view.
7. I'll get round to the ironing in the end.
8. Our holiday fell through.
9. Ngo Tu came up with the best solution.
10. Soon it will be lunch time.
II. For each of the sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence, using the word given in CAPITALS. This word must not be altered in any way.
1.
Were Son to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job.
IF
7.
2.
3.
4.
UNTIL
_________________________________________________________________________________
Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night.
GREAT
_________________________________________________________________________________
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.
NO
_________________________________________________________________________________
Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis.
NOT
_________________________________________________________________________________
Hardly had the ship left port, when a violent storm developed.
SOON AFTER
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.
They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass.
IF
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Little did Lan know what she was letting herself in for.
IDEA
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.
It was only when I stopped that I realizes something was wrong.
DID I
_________________________________________________________________________________
9.
The accused never expressed regret for what he had done.
AT
NO TIME
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.
So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race.
TOO
_________________________________________________________________________________
If Son were to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job.
The demand for tickets was so great that people queued day and night.
Under no circumstance is the money to be paid.
Not until three days had passed did we arrive at the first oasis.
Soon after had the ship left port, when a violent storm developed.
They would have discovered hand sooner if they had carried a compass.
Lan had no idea what she was letting herself in for.
Only when I stopped did I realize that something was wrong.
At no time did the accused express regret for what he had done.
The runners were too exhausted to finish the race.
III. Write a composition of about 150 words about the following topic: Some people believe that a
college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher
5.
education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree
with? Explain why.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
…………………………………………………...
*************************************
WEEK 1
ĐỀ SỐ 1
ACADEMIC YEAR
ÔN HỌC SINH GIỎI 11A
MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 120 phút
SECTION A: vocabulary
I. Select the best option (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank.
1.
Her hands were swollen and wrinkled, but she still had her nails _________ regularly.
A. manufactured
B. managed
C. maintained
D. manicured
2.
The girl's large, heavy earrings had ________ had her earlobes permanently.
A. displaced
B. disfigured
C. dismayed
D. diseased
3.
More and more people are having satellite dishes _________ on their roof.
A. introduced
B. implanted
C. installed
D. inserted
4.
Cut flowers may _________ lack of water.
A. wilt
B. collapse
C. drop
D. fail
5.
The ____________ cheered when the final goal was scored in the match today.
A. viewers
B. onlookers
C. spectators
D. audience
6.
Most people ___________ family heirlooms and keep them safe.
A. cosset
B. cherish
C. nourish
D. nurture
7.
The barriers suddenly collapsed and the crowd of supporters ________ forward on to the
pitch.
A. swirled
B. gushed
C. surged
D. trickled
8.
After several ferocious punches both boxers were ________ unsteadily on their feet.
A. bouncing
B. swaying
C. swinging
D. lunging
9.
A burst tire caused the car ________ off the road and into the river.
A. swerve
B. fire
C. curve
D. skate
10.
She didn't ___________ the idea of having to go to the party on her own.
A. relish
B. agree
C. savor
D. delight
11.
Many athletes have reached their ____________ when they are twenty.
A. summit
D. top
C. peak
D. point
12.
She tells her small boy every day not to be rude, but it's like water off a duck's _________
A. beak
B. back
c. wings
D. feathers
13.
The unmarried ladies regard him as a very __________ young man.
A. eligible
B. ineligible
C. illicit
D. illegible
14.
Mr. Hung _______ to work harder in the future.
A. agreed
B. accorded
C. accepted
D. excepted
15.
Oliver Twist had already had his fair __________ of food.
A. help
B. ratio
C. ration
D. division
16.
My late grandmother __________ me this silver teapot.
A. bequested
B. willed
C. inherited
D. bequeathed
17.
Some great men have had an __________ school record.
A. undistinguished B. indistinguishable
C. extinguished
D. indistinct
18.
Buyers and sellers were __________ over the prices
A. haggling
B. hacking
C. hugging
D. heckling
19.
Within a few weeks all this present trouble will have blown _____________.
A. along
B. out
C. away
D. over
20.
In his student days he was as poor as a church _____________
A. pauper
B. miser
C. mouse
D. begger
II. Use the right form of the word given in parentheses to fill in the blank in each sentences
HARD TO BELIEVE!
Albert and Betty Cheetham hit the headlines recently thanks to an astonishing list of
coincidences. On holiday in Tunisia, the (1. retire) ________________ couple found themselves (2.
Dinner) ________________ opposite another retired couple – Albert and Betty Rivers. And, also (3.
Coincidence), ________________ Mr. Cheetham and Mr. Rivers had both previously worked for a
railway company, while Mrs. Cheetham and Mrs. Rivers had both worked for the post office. The two
couples also made the (4. Discover) ________________ that they both two sons and five grandchildren
and, to their (5. Amazing) ________________, that the date and the time of their (6. Marry) _______ was
exactly the same i.e 2p.m. August 15th, 1942.
A more sustained coincidence is that seven of the eight US presidents who died in office were
elected at exactly 20 years intervals between 1840 and 1960. It was eventually Ronald Reagan,
beginning his (7. President) ________________ in 1980, 20 years after John F. Kennedy, who broke the
cycle after surviving an (8. Assassinate) ________________ attempt and finishing his last term (9. Live)
________________
OUT FOR THE COUNT
“You are what you think you are”, says self-hypnotist Jonathan Atkinson. So there are 20 of
us lying on our backs trying to communicate with our (10. Conscious) ________________ minds. We
start by describing our problems. I've got the usual (11. Complain) _______________: tiredness,
insomnia, (12. Anxious) ______________.
Six years ago, Jonathan was a typical 40 cigarettes-a-day executive under too much (13.
Stressful) ________________. Then he learnt self-hypnosis. What is particularly (14. impress)
________________ is that he can stop the bleeding when he cuts himself shaving, and his teeth filled
without needing an (15. Inject) ________________
Gradually what started off as weird becomes (16. Understand) ________________. Why in
hypnosis, Jonathan tells us that whenever we count to ten, with the (17. Intend) ________________ of
going into self-hypnosis, we'll be able to do it. (18. Amazing) ________________ , it seems to work.
Retired
2. dinning
3. coincidentally
4. discovery
5. amazement
6. marriages
7. Presidency
8. assassination
9. alive
10.
subconscious
11. complaints
12. Anxiety
13. Stress
14. impressive
15.
Injection
16. understandable 17. Intension
18. amazingly
SECTION B:
READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the passage and choose the best word or combination of words to fill in each blank.
SAVE MONEY ON THE BOOK THAT AIMS TO SAVE ANIMALS
Do you want to take part in the battle to save the world's wildlife? Animal Watch is the book which
will (1) ______ you in the fight for survival that (2) ______ many of our endangered animals and show
how they struggle on the (3) ______ of extinction. As you enjoy the book's 250 pages and over 150
colour photographs, you will have the (4) ______ of knowing that part of your purchase money is
being used to (5) ______ animals (6) ______. From the comfort of our armchair, you will be able to
observe the world's animals close-up and explore their habitats. You will also discover the terrible
results of human (7) ______ for land, flesh and skins.
Animal Watch is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their
black noses (8) ______ their paws so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen, for
example? Or that (9) ______ each orang-utan which is captured, one has to die?
This superb (10) ______ has so (11) ______ Britain's leading wildlife charity that it has been
chosen as Book of the Year, a (12) ______ awarded to books which are considered to have made a
major contribution to wildlife conservation. You will find Animal Watch at a special low introductory
price at all good bookshops, but hurry while stock last.
1.
A. combine
B. bring
C. lead
D. involve
2.
A. faces
B. meets
C. opposes
D. forces
3.
A. start
B. limit
C. edge
D. end
4.
A. enjoyment
B. satisfaction
C. virtue
D. value
5.
A. help
B. enable
C. allow
D. assist
6.
A. preserve
B. conserve
C. survive
D. revive
7.
A. interest
B. care
C. greed
D. concern
8.
A. with
B. by
C. for
D. from
9.
A. with
B. on
C. by
D. for
10 A. publication
B. periodical
C. publicity
D. reference
.
11 A. imposed
B. persuaded
C. impressed
D. admired
.
12 A. title
B. symbol
C. trademark
D. nickname
.
II. Read the passage and choose the best option.
In 776 B.C, the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greek's chief
god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle
caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were opened to all free Greek males who had no criminal record. The Greek emphasized
physical fitness and strength in their education youth. Therefore, contests in running, jumping, javelin,
throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed
every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by having olive wreaths placed on
their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of
friendship and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to
strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities presented.
The Greek attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles
called “Olympiads”, dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and
constituted an all-out effort on the part of participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules
were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to themselves but also to
the cities they represented.
1: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Physical fitness was an integral part of the life of ancient Greeks.
B. The Greeks severely punished those who didn't participate in physical fitness programs.
C. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the Games.
D. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go back to war when
the games were over.
2: Why was the Olympic Games held?
A. To honor Zeus
B. To stop wars
C. To crown the best athletes
D. To sing songs about the athletes
3: The word “elite” is closest in meaning to ______.
A. brave
B. muscular
C. aristocracy
D. intellectual
4: What is an “Olympiad”?
A. The time between games
B. The time it took to finish the games
C. The time it took to finish a war
D. The time it took the athletes to train
5: Which of the following is not true?
A. Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads
B. The games were held in Greek every four year.
C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
D. Poems glorified the winners in song.
6: Which of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
A. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
B. They must have completed military service
C. They had to attend special training session
D. They had to be very religious
7: The word “deeds” is closest meaning to ________________
A. accomplishments
B. ancestors
C. documents
D. properties
8: The word “halted” means mostly nearly the same as?
A. stopped
B. continued
C. started
9: What activity is NOT included in the Olympics?
A. boxing
B. jogging
C. jumping
10: What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
A. They did not like women athletes
B. They were very simple
C. They couldn't count so they used “Olympiads” for dates.
D. They believed athletic events were important.s
D. fixed
D. chariot-racing
SECTION C:
WRITING
I. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1.
It is said that he escaped to a neutral country.
He ______________________________________________________________________.
Although Huong was severely disabled she participated in many sports.
Despite her _______________________________________________________________.
3.
The truth only came out on the publication of the general's personal diaries.
Only when ________________________________________________________________.
4.
If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home.
Get _____________________________________________________________________.
5.
You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
No matter ________________________________________________________________.
6.
We'd prefer you not to smoke.
We'd rather _______________________________________________________________.
7.
Provided your handwriting is legible the examiner will accept your answer.
So long as the examiner ____________________________________________________.
8.
You really should be able to dress yourself by now!
It's high time ______________________________________________________________.
9.
In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.
Although rain ______________________________________________________________.
10.
Oil was slowly coating the edge of the shore.
The edge of the shore _______________________________________________________.
1. He is said to have escaped to a neutral country.
2. Despite her severe disability Huong participated in many sports.
3. Only when the general's personal diaries were published did the truth come out.
4. Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home.
5. No matter how long you use it, it won't wear out.
6. We'd rather you didn't smoke/ stopped smoking.
7. So long as the examiner can read your handwriting he'll accept your answer.
8. It's high time you were able to dress yourself.
9. Although rain was forecast it stayed fine.
II. For each of the sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence, using the word given in CAPITALS. This word must not be altered in any way.
1.
I find it easy to speak German
EASE
_________________________________________________________________________________
2.
He got over his operation very quickly.
RECOVERY
_________________________________________________________________________________
3.
How has the strike affected student attendance?
EFFECT
_________________________________________________________________________________
4.
She began to suffer from irrational fears.
PREY
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.
Mr. Son was the only man who didn't smile.
EXCEPT
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.
I assume you're hungry
GRANTED
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.
The book was not as good as he had hoped
EXPECTATIONS
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.
You would benefit from a change
GOOD
_________________________________________________________________________________
9.
He works when it suits him.
FEELS
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.
I don't care whether you come or not.
DIFFERENCE
_________________________________________________________________________________
I speak German with great ease.
He made a very quick recovery from his operation.
2.
What effect has the strike had on student attendance?
She fell prey to irrational fears.
All the men smiled except Mr. Son.
I take it for granted you're hungry.
The book fails to come up to his expectations.
A change would do you good.
He works when he feels like it.
It makes no difference to me whether you come or not.
III. Write a composition of about 150 words about the following topic: It has been said, “Not
everything that is learned is contained in books” and contrast knowledge gained from
experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which resource is more important?
Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
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…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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The End
ĐỀ SỐ 2
MINH PHU HIGH SCHOOL
ÔN HỌC SINH GIỎI 11A
*************************************
WEEK 2
MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 120 phút
SECTION A: vocabulary
I. Select the best option (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank.
1.
The meeting didn't ______________ until late.
A. end up
B. come about
C. fall through
2.
In the end it all ______________ a question of trust.
A. gets round to
B. adds up to
C. feels up to
3.
The hotel didn't _____________ my expectations.
A. come up to
B. get up to
C. come down
to
4.
At first Tin insisted he was right, but then began to ___________.
A. back down
B. follow up
C. drop off
5.
It's no good pretending; you've got to _________________ reality.
C.
come
up
A. face up to
B. bargain for
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
was __
against
ACADEMIC YEAR
D. break up
D. comes down to
D. get down to
D. break up
D. get down to
What were you two _____________ just now in the garden?
A. bringing about
B. getting up to
C. coming up D. getting round to
with
You should always have an alternative plan to ____________
A. bring about
B. ask after
C. feel up to
D. fall back on
When they ____________, I had to report to the nearest barrack.
A. called me up
B. asked after me
C. asked me
D. called up me
after
The school exam for eleven-year-olds was _____________ some years ago.
A. followed up
B. drawn up
C. carried out
D. done away with
When I took over the business I got more than I _____________A. asked after
B. bargained for
C. drew up
D. came in for
It's hard work – not much money, no time to enjoy yourself. It's a _______ life.
A. buffalo's
B. cow's
C. dog's
D. horse's
This machine is complicated and dangerous so I don't ____________ about with it.
A. cat
B. monkey
C. dog
D. snake
Tourists often go to the Louvre but most Parisians only go ____________
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
The firm is ____________. It owns a lot of money.
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
I had lost touch with Hoa, and then one night she arrived at my flat right____. What a
surprise!
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
The rest of the family was respectable, honest people but he was always in trouble. I'm afraid he
A. in the red
B. out of the blue
C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
She likes literature and classical music. Discotheques are not her ___________
A. cup of tea
B. cup of coffee
C. cup of iced
D. cup of beer
tea
18.
He never panics in a difficult situation. He stays as cool as a ___________
A. tomato
B. apple
C. potato
D. cucumber
19.
The offer of a job sounded a very good on the phone but I shan't believe it till I have it
________
A. in a blue moon
B. in the red
C. out of the D. in black and white
blue
20.
“Sorry I can't invite you, Mai,” said Hung, “but It's a __________
A. girl's party
D. children's party
C. big party
D. stag party
17.
II. Put the verbs into the correct forms
My parents and I came to live in the United States when I was five years old. Although my family is
now very comfortable, at first we had hard time adjusting to life there. We (1) _______________ (think)
that everybody in the United States was very rich. Imagine our surprise when we (2) _______________
(learn) that it was hard for many people, my father (3) _______________ (include), to make a living.
My father (4) _______________ (work) as a dentist in Europe before we (5) _______________ (come) here
twenty years ago. Here he couldn't work as a dentist right away because he (6) _______________ (not
pass) the state examination yet. While he (7) _______________ (study) for the dentist examinations,
he worked in a dental laboratory in order (8) _______________ (support) his family.
Within a year, he (9) _______________ (pass) the examinations and (10) _______________ (establish)
himself in practice with a local dentist. He (11) _______________ (practice) here for twenty years now
and (12) _______________ (gain) some recognition. On the fifteenth of next month, his colleagues (13)
_______________ (have) a dinner to honour him for his work with poor immigrants.
My mother, too, (14) _______________ (be) happy here. She (15) _______________ (get) a degree in
finance five years ago and now (16) _______________ (own) and (17) _______________ (operate) her
own profitable copy center. She (18) _______________ (take) course for a long time before she
actually (19) _______________ (get) her degree. She took only one or two courses a semester because
she was busy (20) _______________ (look) after my father, my brother and me.
Key: 1. Had thought
2. Learnt
3. Included
4. Had been working
5. Came
6. Hadn't passed
7. Was studying
8. To support
9. had passed
10. Had established 11. Has been practicing
12. Has gained
13. are having
14. Has been
15. Got
16.
Owns
17. operates
18. Had been taking
19. Got
20. looking
SECTION B:
READING COMPREHENSION
I. Read the passage and choose the best word or combination of words to fill in each blank.
In addition to the challenge to be excellent, American schools have been facing novel problems.
They must (1) __ with an influx of immigrant children, many of whom speak little or no English. They
must respond to demands (2) __ the curriculum reflects the various cultures of all children. Schools
must make sure that students develop (3) __ skills for the job market, and they must consider the
needs of nontraditional students, such as teenage mothers.
Schools are (4) __ these problems in ways that reflect the diversity of the US educational system.
They are hiring or training large numbers of teachers of English (5) __ a second language and, in
some communities, setting up bilingual schools. They are opening (6) __ the traditional Europeancentered curriculum to embrace material from African, Asian, and other cultures.
Schools are also teaching cognitive skills to the (7) __ 40 percent of American students who do not
go on to higher education. In the (8) __ of a recent report by the Commission on Achieving
Necessary Skills,” A strong back, the willingness to work, and a high school diploma were once all
that was necessary to (9) __ a start in America. They are no longer. A well-developed mind, a
continued willingness to learn and the ability to put knowledge to work are the new keys (10) __ the
future of our young people, the success of our business, and the economic well-being of the nation.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
A.
do
that
base
addressing
as
on
slightly
minds
make
to
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
B.
stay
who
basis
delivering
from
into
mostly
directions
take
at
II. Read the passage and choose the best option.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
fight
whether
basic
distributing
with
for
fairly
words
get
in
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
D.
cope
what
basics
discharging
like
up
nearly
ways
bring
for
May 7, 1840, was the birthday of one of the most famous Russian composers of the nineteenth century:
Peter Illich Tchaikovsky. The son of a mining inspector, Tchaikovsky studied music as a child and later
studied composition at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. His greatest period of productivity occurred
between 1876 and 1890, during which time he enjoyed the patronage of Madame von Meck, a woman
he never met, who gave him a living stipend of about $1,000 a year. Madame von Meck later
terminated her friendship with Tchaikovsky, as well as his living allowance, when she herself was facing
financial difficulties. It was during the time of Madame von Meck's patronage, however, that Tchaikovsky
created the music for which he is most famous, including the music for the ballets of Swam Lake and
The Sleeping Beauty. Tchaikovsky's music, well known for its rich melodic and sometimes melancholy
passages, was one of the first that brought serious dramatic music to dance. Before this, little attention
had been given to the music behind the dance. Tchaikovsky died on November 6, 1893, ostensibly of
cholera, although there are now some scholars who argue that he committed suicide.
1: What is the passage primarily about?
A. Tchaikovsky's relationship with his father.
B. The cause of Tchaikovsky'
C. The life and music of Tchaikovsky.
D. The development of Tchaikovsky's music
2: The phrase enjoyed the patronage of probably means ________________
A. was mentally attached to
B. was financially dependent on
C. liked the company of
D. received advice from
3: According to the passage, Tchaikovsky's father was most probably a __________________
A. soldier
B. composer
C. musician
D. supervisor
4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Tchaikovsky's school
B. Tchaikovsky's death
C. Tchaikovsky's wife
D. Tchaikovsky's music
5: According to the passage, all of the following are true about Madame von Meck EXCEPT________?
A. she liked Tchaikovsky's music.
B. she had trouble with money.
C. she was a generous woman.
D. she never saw Tchaikovsky in person.
6: The word which in the passage refers to ________________________
A. Madame von Meck's patronage
B. Tchaikovsky's music
C. the ballet Swam Lake
D. Tchaikovsky's living allowance
7: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word behind in the passage?
A. supporting
B. concealing
C. putting up
D. going beyond
8: The word terminated in the passage is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. started
B. ended
C. continued
D. strengthened
9: According to the passage, Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty are ___________
A. songs
B. plays
C. operas
D. dances
10: It can be inferred from the passage that before Tchaikovsky, _______________
A. music behind the dance had been very popular
B. music for dramas had been given very little attention
C. music had been famous for its melodic passages
D. Swan Lake had been performed with music
SECTION C:
WRITING
I. Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the one printed before it.
1.
A rather nasty problem has appeared.
We've come _______________________________________________________________.
2.
I'm doing more work than I bargained for.
I didn't expect _____________________________________________________________.
3.
The sooner this job is over, the better.
Let's _____________________________________________________________________.
4.
Nga doesn't get on with her next-door neighbor any more.
Nga has __________________________________________________________________.
5.
I burst into tears when I heard the bad news.
I broke ___________________________________________________________________.
6.
Nguyen persuaded the others to agree with her point of view.
Nguyen brought ___________________________________________________________.
I'll do the ironing in the end.
I'll get ___________________________________________________________________.
8.
The arrangements for our holiday didn't come to anything
Our holiday _______________________________________________________________.
9.
The best solution was thought of by Ngo Tu.
Ngo Tu came _____________________________________________________________.
10.
It's getting on for lunch time.
Soon ____________________________________________________________________.
1. We've come up against a rather nasty problem.
2. I didn't expect to be doing so much work.
3. Let's get this job over with as soon as possible.
4. Nga has fallen out with her next-door neighbor.
5. I broke down when I heard the bad news.
6. Nguyen brought the others round to her point of view.
7. I'll get round to the ironing in the end.
8. Our holiday fell through.
9. Ngo Tu came up with the best solution.
10. Soon it will be lunch time.
II. For each of the sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence, using the word given in CAPITALS. This word must not be altered in any way.
1.
Were Son to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job.
IF
7.
2.
3.
4.
UNTIL
_________________________________________________________________________________
Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night.
GREAT
_________________________________________________________________________________
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.
NO
_________________________________________________________________________________
Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis.
NOT
_________________________________________________________________________________
Hardly had the ship left port, when a violent storm developed.
SOON AFTER
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.
They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass.
IF
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Little did Lan know what she was letting herself in for.
IDEA
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.
It was only when I stopped that I realizes something was wrong.
DID I
_________________________________________________________________________________
9.
The accused never expressed regret for what he had done.
AT
NO TIME
_________________________________________________________________________________
10.
So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race.
TOO
_________________________________________________________________________________
If Son were to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job.
The demand for tickets was so great that people queued day and night.
Under no circumstance is the money to be paid.
Not until three days had passed did we arrive at the first oasis.
Soon after had the ship left port, when a violent storm developed.
They would have discovered hand sooner if they had carried a compass.
Lan had no idea what she was letting herself in for.
Only when I stopped did I realize that something was wrong.
At no time did the accused express regret for what he had done.
The runners were too exhausted to finish the race.
III. Write a composition of about 150 words about the following topic: Some people believe that a
college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher
5.
education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree
with? Explain why.
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